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Mice Pointing Devices

Mice Pointing Devices

Mouse pointing devices have been the stated reason for many computer-related hand and arm injuries. Use of a mouse typically involves arms reaching to the side of the keyboard and deviated wrist postures. Add to this repetitive wrist and arm motions, and several ergonomic risk factors appear.

Where a mouse is used with the computer, place it close to the keyboard. The whole arm should be used to move it, instead of just the wrist.

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Motion-Based Ergonomics: Keyboard Retraining
Reprinted from The RSI Network - Issue 39 - June/July'99 Vivienne Griffin This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it Norman J. Kahan, MD (408) 725-7277, Fax: (408) 725-2625 This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Over the years, computer-related injuries (known as repetitive strain injuries or RSIs) have increasingly plagued the modern office workplace, debilitating hundreds of thousands of workers, causing pain, impairment and, in some cases, disability. Workplace measures to prevent or resolve these injuries often include schedule changes, improved body alignment, and reorganization of the VDT workstation. While these strategies may improve or in some instances even resolve the situation, many people find their injuries persist despite these changes. In fact, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (1996), RSI has become the nation’s leading work-related illness, accounting for 64% of all filed worker’s compensation claims with an associated cost of $20 billion a year.

The vast majority of computer-related injuries can be attributed to specific faulty movements and awkward postures inherent in the act of typing, which may cause fatigue, inflammation of muscles or tendons, compression or entrapment of nerves, as well as pain or weakness in the upper limbs and neck. Recognizing and correcting these movements is at the heart of a new and emerging field known as keyboard retraining, a largely overlooked but critical component in the fight against RSI.

Most of us learned to touch-type in high school, or in a typing class, while others are self-taught. Once we have learned, we tend not to think about how we are performing the act of typing, we just type. However, while your typing movements certainly feel familiar, you may be putting yourself at risk for developing RSI. Ask yourself when was the last time you noticed what your hands were doing while typing? Was it in your touch-typing class in high school or your last ergonomic evaluation? Repetitive strain injuries occur for a reason. To help you better understand RSI and its causes, let’s take a closer look at your hands.

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Keyboards Under Development

Keyboards Under Development

Here is a listing of various styles of keyboards under development but you might find them quite interesting all the same.

Anthony Paras (inventor)

149 West 4th St., #5E

New York, NY 10012

email: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Wrist Positioning Aid (patent pending)


Wrist Positioning Aid

  • Compatibility: In Development
  • Estimated Price: In Development
  • Availability: In Development

The Wrist Positioning Aid (patent pending) is a keyboard enhancement that prevents the keyboard from functioning while the user's hands are not properly positioned for safe typing. The system detects that the user's hands are resting on the integrated wrist-rest and disables the keyboard. Additionally, an LED indicator lights to remind the user to lift his or her hands before attempting to type.

We are at the prototype stage, and are currently looking to licence the device.

This idea occurred to me after I had done some research into proper typing technique. I learned that a wrist-rest should only be used while NOT typing, and that attempting to type while the hands are "resting" is a major source of injury. The Wrist Positioning Aid prevents this dangerous habit that can lead to RSI.

E2 Solutions (Gary Friedman)

265 W. California Blvd. #4, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA

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DataEgg

  • Compatibility: PC
  • Estimated Price: In Development
  • Availability: In Development

The DataEgg is a round, one-handed, chording computer with a two-line LCD display (similar to the Microwriter AgendA). It can also serve as an alternative computer keyboard through a computers serial port (currently supporting the PC, although it would not be too hard to support X or a Mac if they wrote the driver).

More info is available in NASA Tech Briefs, December 1992, Newsweeks "Technology Supplement" of December 12, 1992, or EE Times, March 8, 1993.

Update Note:

----------

From: David Friedman

Sent: Thursday, September 04, 1997 12:16 AM

To: K. S. Wright

Subject: DataEgg Comments

InHand Development Group does not seem to have anything to do with the DataEgg at the moment. Gary Friedman, the inventor of the DataEgg, does seem to be going ahead with it, though. The DataEgg is currently being developed as a stand alone device. It may later be turned into a keyboard replacement. He offered to put me on a mailing list to hear about it when it became available. He also had this to say:

---------------

If you are going to list updates to the FAQ list(s), please mention that the product idea is still alive, but had been placed in incompetant hands in the past. I am now working to build up my new company (E2 Solutions) to the point where I will have the capital I need to develop and bring it to market properly. Please forward all correspondence to me at This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Thanks!!

-Gary Friedman

-------------------------

Hope that is helpful.

-David Friedman (No relation to Gary.)

Johan Ullman M.D.

Inst. for Orthopedics Div. for Occupational Orthopedics

Sahlgrenska University Hospital

Goteborg Sweden

Ullman Keyboard

The Ullman Keyboard was primarily designed to accomplish automatic learning of touch typing while solving the RSI problems that typing normally causes in back , neck and shoulders as well as mouse arm and carpal tunnel syndrome. How? - Just let the natural behavior decide the design, instead of adapting behavior to stupid design.

On the assumption that RSI in office work is mainly caused by to much static work and lack of dynamic work, the Ullman Keyboard was developed as an attempt to reduce the RSI problems, by minimizing the static muscular work needed to perform VDT work while maintaining the need for dynamic work.

Comments:

I read in a Swedish newspaper that he (Johan Ullman) hopes to start manufacturing it before the end of this year. -- Lars Haraldsson

Keybowl Inc.

Winter Park, Florida

(407) 622-7774 or 877) 363-7774

Fax: (407) 622-7772

This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

http://www.keybowl.com

Keybowl - orbiTouch

Estimated Price: $399 currently with a 20% pre-order discount.

Availability: Target launch date is December 2000

The Keybowl keyboard represents an entirely new method of typing. It is the first keyboard that totally eliminates finger motion and wrist motion. It is also the first ergonomically designed keyboard geared to all typists, especially those with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) or other physical upper extremity disabilities.

Key Features Include:

  • Total elimination of finger movement while typing and navigating
  • Minimization of wrist movement
  • Easy to learn
  • A solution to help combat carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) as it relates to typing.
  • Allows people with upper extremity disabilities an ability to effectively type and navigate computer systems with little or no pain.
  • Extensively researched keyboard. Visit their ergonomic research section to learn about the development of the Keybowl.

KMC Concepts

130 Walnut Ct, Santa Rosa CA 95404

(707) 526-0581, Fax: (707) 549-4208

Contact: Kevin Conway (P.T.)

ErgoMaster

  • Compatibilty: TBD
  • Estimated Price: TBD
  • Availability: Not yet (Design in Development)

The Ergo-Master has been designed to feature comfort and changeable positions in your daily typing challenges!

Independently Adjustable Halves: The right and left hand keyboard sections can be independently adjusted to a comfortable position, in seconds, without tools.

Unique Mounting: The two halves of the Ergo-Master are attached to a desktop via a track that is clamped on to the desk. This allows the two halves to be placed at varying distances from each other. This track also enables the keyboard to be folded out of the way underneath the desk when not in use.

Programmable Keys: The Ergo-Master comes with the familiar QWERTY key layout, however, all of the keys are programmable, except for the Pause and Break keys, so that the user can redefine keys to personal preferences for speed and comfort.

Backside Keys: The need for awkward wrist motion when striking "Enter" or "Backspace" is eliminated because these keys are duplicated on the underside of the keyboard, and are comfortably accessed by the thumbs.

Timed Beeper: The user is reminded to make periodic adjustments to posture and/or keyboard position with a timed beep. This feature combined with the ease of adjustability promotes frequent position changes.

Comments

Kevin was previously working with Genovation, Inc., however, last I talked with him, he was looking for a manufacturer to make the keyboard. The keyboard sections clamp to the desk surface with an optional numeric keypad. -KSW-

Protomic

Contact: Benjamin Rossen

Heikampen 40

5672 SM NUENEN

The Netherlands

tel.(31)-40-2913797

fax.(31)-40-2913796

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DataStealth keyboard

  • Compatibility: TBD
  • Estimated Price: TBD
  • Availability: Under development

The revolutionary DataStealth keyboard is the result of a joint research project with several major Dutch universities. The design incorporates anatomic and ergonomic principles, offering improved comfort and reduced risk of RSI while increasing productivity.

The keyboard is easy to install (plug & play) and contains its own processor. We can program the keyboard to provide for your special needs.

The DataStealth keyboard can be used on the lap, which relaxes the shoulders and neck of the user.

The DataStealth can also be used on the desk. The wings are designed to tilt the keyboard to the optimum angle for use on a typical desk.

The hand supports spare users' arms, shoulders and neck from static load bearing while typing. These supports move on smooth glide rails so that the entire keypad area can be reached without the user having to raise her hands from the support surfaces.

The keys are arranged in arcs placed for easy reach. Key cap heights also vary, so that the little finger, for example, has a shorter distance to travel to depress the keys.

Comments

The keyboard project is still on track, and clinical testing will start soon at the Technical University of Eindhoven, biomechanics in co-operation with the National University of Maastricht, human movement studies.

(Benjamin Rossen, Sept. 1, 1998)

Typelighter, Inc.

http://www.typelighter.com

IM-4U

IM-4U is a patented safety device designed to reduce the risk of computer-related hand injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome. IM-4U's dynamic typing meter lets you see in real time when you are typing harder and when you are typing lighter, just like an automobile speedometer lets you see when you are driving faster or slower. This practical biofeedback encourages you to lighten up and take a break.

Additional features of IM-4U include optional audio and visual safety cues that alert you when you type your hardest. When you hear or see the IM-4U safety cue, you automatically pause for a moment, then continue typing. This brief pause, or micro-break, provides a moment of relief from the stress of typing and a stronger reminder to type with a lighter touch.

Comments

Date: Mon, 20 Jul 1998 10:45:58 -0400 (EDT)

To: Scott Wright

From: Michael Krugman This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Some months ago I corresponded with you about the IM-4U computer-keyboard safety device under development by my company, Typelighter, Inc. As you will remember, IM-4U is the only safety device that allows computer users to monitor how hard they strike the keys as they type via a dynamic, real-time typing meter. IM-4U also gives helpful auditory and visual feedback when the user types their hardest.

At present we have nearly completed our initial development process, and we are seeking a manufacturer/distributor for the technology. Engineering prototypes of the device are soon to be tested by ergonomists at Xerox, Eastman Kodak, Kaiser Permanente, State Farm Insurance, and several other companies.

Regards

Michael Krugman

 
Computer Keyboard Accessories

Computer Keyboard Accessories

Various keyboard accessories are available, such as footpedals and devices allowing the use of multiple keyboards and converting between different computer systems.

Bilbo Innovations Inc.

1290 Oakmead Parkway, #118,

Sunnyvale, CA 94086

(408) 736-6086, Fax: (408) 736-6083;

This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

http://www.bilbo.com/

STEP ON IT! Keyboard Control Pedals

  • Compatibility:
  • Estimated Price:
  • Availability: Retail

STEP-ON-IT! Keyboard Control Pedals supplement the computer keyboard with three electronic foot switches that take over the operation of selected keystrokes and mouse clicks. The system moves part of the entry activity from the keyboard to the floor pedals - thus speeding up the typing process through reducing hand movements.

STEP-ON-IT! Keyboard Control Pedals can be custom-programmed by the end-user to assign or reassign any three keys or mouse clicks to the floor operation, to suit the needs at the time. An initial default configuration for the foot-operated switches is these frequently used keystrokes: Pedal 1 - Shift; Pedal 2 - Control; Pedal 3 - Alt. However, the operator can choose to assign any other keystroke, such as - Esc, Return, PgUp, PgDn, a longer macro (up to 13 characters per pedal), or a mouse button click.

Kinesis Corporation

22121 17th Avenue SE, Suite 112, Bothell, WA 98021-7404

800-4-KINESIS (800-454-6374) or 425-402-8100

Fax: 425-402-8181

http://www.kinesis-ergo.com

Kinesis Mac Interface II

  • For PS/2-compatible keyboards and mice
  • Estimated price is $133
  • Special bundled prices are available for both Mac and Sun boxes with the Maxim adjustable keyboard

The Mac interface device allows your Macintosh computer to accept PS/2 compatible keyboards and mice. With the new Mac Interface II, you can now connect a PS/2-compatible mouse or trackballs plus a Mac-compatible pointing device at the same time!

Kinesis Sun Interface II

  • For PS/2-compatible keyboards and mice
  • Estimated price is $125

The Sun interface device allows your Sun workstation to accept Kinesis' PC-compatible state-of-the-art keyboards. And with the new Sun Interface II, you now can connect PS/2 compatible mice and trackballs and Sun compatible pointing devices at the same time!

P.I. Engineering

801 E. Grand River Ave.

Williamston, MI 48895

(517) 655-5523, (800) 628-3185

Fax (517) 655-4926

This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

http://www.ymouse.com

Order direct or they are also distributed by Micro Central-800-83-MICRO

Y-Mouse

  • Estimated Price: $49.95
  • Availability: Direct and larger mail order catalogs
  • Products
    • Y-mouse Dual Mouse Adapter
    • Y-mouse Tablet and Mouse Adapter
    • Y-key key Dual Keyboard Adapter
    • Y-see two Dual Monitor Adapter ($89.95)

Y-mouse adapters give you the power to connect two devices to the same port. With these small, easy to use, Y shaped adapters you don't have to open your computer or install any driver. Simply plug them in and you're ready to go.

  • Great for switching between your favorite pointers.
  • Switching between devices helps avoid repetetive motion problems
  • Daisy chain multiple adapters to attach multiple input devices.

Compatibility: Works with all standard mouse-type devices including trackballs, touchpads, and other devices using standard mouse protocal. Both devices operate on one driver. Some devices, such as the Microsoft IntelliMouse, use advanced features which may not be compatible with other devices. Please call to ensure compatability. Switching: Automatic, initiated by use of pointing device.

Attaching Multiple Y-mice: The Dual Mouse Adapter can be daisy chained with other like Dual Mouse Adapters to obtain three or more mouse ports from one.

Keyboard Compatibility Issues

X terminals

A number of X terminals (NCD, Tektronix, to name a few) use PC-compatible keyboards. If you have an X terminal, you may be all set. Try it out with a normal PC keyboard before you go through the trouble of buying an alternative keyboard. Also, some X terminals add extra buttons - you may need to keep your original keyboard around for the once-in-a-blue-moon that you have to hit the Setup key.

Often, X termainals will use a small DIN-8 connector rather than the larger old-style PC keyboard connector. Have no fear! Many newer PCs also have this new smaller connector, so you can usually find adapters at good computer stores. I have also seen this adapter in a number of mail-order cable catalogs.

NeXT

NeXT no longer makes workstations, but the last batch of NeXTstations were made with the Apple Desktop Bus. If you really need to be using NeXT hardware, make sure it is the latest stuff, and you can use Mac keyboards (or PC keyboards through an adapter).

Of course, you can also run the NeXTstep operating system on a PC, HP, or Sun workstation, which are easier to adapt.

This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it recommends Kinesis users remap their keyboard such that:

  • Backspace = Backspace
  • Delete = Command
  • Caps Lock = Control
  • Insert = Option
  • And, in software, make Caps Lock settable with Command-Shift

Silicon Graphics

Silicon Graphics newer machines (Indigo^2, Indy, and beyond) use standard PS/2-compatible keyboards and mice. I do not believe this also applies to the Power Series machines. It is not possible to upgrade an older SGI to use PC keyboards, except by upgrading the entire machine. Contact your SGI sales rep for more details.

For older machines, see if you can upgrade to Irix5 or later. The current X server supports the XTEST extension, which allows a2x to function properly. See "spoofing", below.

IBM RS/6000

IBM RS/6000 keyboards are actually similar to normal PC keyboards. Unfortunately, you ca not just plug one in. First, you need a cable converter to go from the large PC keyboard connector to the smaller PS/2 style DIN-6. After that, you will probably need to run a special program (dkbd) to initialize the keyboard.

See the file rs6000 keyboard info in the ftp archive for more information.

HP workstations

If you are using an HP workstation, you can buy a converter box that converts the HP-HIL serial to PS2. The converter is made by Modular Industrial Computers 615-499-0700. Apparently you can also get these from Jon Simkovitz & Associates at 800-953-9262. At any rate, they are expensive ($400) because not many are made.

Newer HP workstations use PC-compatible keyboards and PS/2 mice! The changeover occured in early 1995 with the model 712. You were planning on upgrading your machine sooner or later, right?

Sun workstations

Sun now manufactures an adapter box which lets you connect a PC mouse and keyboard to your Sparc workstation. I am told it is called the ``Sun Interface Converter'', part #X465A, and costs $75. Call 1-800-USE-SUNX, or see Suns Web page.

Kinesis (phone 800-4-KINESIS), resells Suns adapter as well as makes their own. The original Kinesis adapter required you to use your original Sun mouse. The new Sun adapter works with your original Sun mouse or any PS/2 mouse.

The downside to either of these adapters is the lack of Sun-specific keys - a Sun keyboard has more keys on it than a traditional PC keyboard. If you often use the L-keys or other obscure keys, you are going to have to learn how to remap your keys with xmodmap. For some info on this, check out kinesis sun mappings in the typing injury archive.

Spoofing a keyboard over the serial port

If you have got a proprietary computer which uses its own keyboard (Sun, HP, DEC, etc.) then you are going to have a hard time finding a vendor to sell you a compatible keyboard. If your workstation runs the X window system, you are in luck. You can buy a cheap used PC, hook your expensive keyboard up to it, and run a serial cable to your workstation. Then, run a program on the workstation to read the serial port and generate fake X keyboard events.

A number of programs can facilitate this for you. kt and a2x support ASCII input. a2x-RawPC and serkey support raw PC scancode input. Also, the new version of kt (kt18) additionally supports raw PC scancodes.

For more info about a2x, check out this URL:

http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/a2x-voice/

a2x is a sophisticated program, capable of controlling the mouse, and even moving among widgets on the screen. It requires a server extension (XTEST, DEC-XTRAP, or XTestExtension1). To find out if your server can do this, run "xdpyinfo" and see if any of these strings appear in the extensions list. If your server does not have this, you may want to investigate compiling X11R5, patchlevel 18 or later, or bugging your vendor. X11R6 works fine, too.

kt is a simpler program, which should work with unextended X servers. Another program called xsendevent also exists, but I have not seen it.

a2x will work better, when it works, but it requires an extended server. kt does not work with every application, but it is more likely to work on older servers. Do not you love compromises?

a2x-RawPC, serkey, and kt18 can take input from a device such as the Genovation Serial Box which converts a PC keyboard into a normal RS232 serial device, but otherwise passes through the raw PC scancodes. This approach has several advantages: a Serial Box is only $150, whereas the cheapest used PC you may ever find is over $300. A Serial Box could easily fit in your pocket, while PCs tend to be much bigger. Most important, however, is the ability to use all the keys of your PC keyboard with your workstation, like the function keys. Unfortunately, Genovation no longer manufactures this box. kt includes a DOS program which can make your PC simulate one of these boxes, but that seems like overkill.

Get a2x, a2x-RawPC, serkey and kt.

Other stuff

Some vendors here (notably: Health Care Keyboard Co. and AccuCorp) support some odd keyboard types, and may be responsive to your queries regarding supporting your own weird computer. If you can get sufficient documention about how your keyboard works (either from the vendor, or with a storage oscilloscope), you may be in luck. Contact the companies for more details.

 
Forearm Supports

Forearm Supports

Forearm supports typically clamp to the front edge of a desk or table. They support the forearm, relaxing the arm, shoulder and neck muscles as well as off-loading your upper extremity weight from the back.

Commentaries and Information About Forearm Supports

Pros and Cons of Forearm Supports

by Chris Grant, PhD, CPE

AliMed

297 High Street, Dedham, MA 02026

(800) 225-2610, Fax: (800) 437-2966

http://www.alimed.com

ErgoRest Articulating Arm Support

The highest quality Arm Support available, provides comfortable arm, shoulder and neck support with unrestricted motion. Includes 5" long cushioned arm pad. Move stress free while using keyboard, mouse or calculator. Attractively designed. Clamps to work surfaces up to 1-5/8" thick. Provides 17" of reach and 3" of vertical adjustment.

The ERGOREST was introduced in 1995 and was the winner of the Tylenol Arthritis Foundation Design Awards. Used in many different situations, this product has been approved internally for clean room use. These armrests allows you to effortlessly maintain neutral wrist position during horizontal movement across the keyboard or other work surface. This crucial position allows arms and hands to glide without ulnar deviation. Tendons controlling fingers and hands move with minimal resistance, and hands are able to maintain a free flow of activity without lifting the arms. Most often bought in pairs (one for each arm).

Standard Arm & Standard Pad
Estimated Price: $108.00
Standard Arm 3 1/2” long
Standard Pad- 5 1/8” long
Standard Clamp fits surface up to 1 5/8" thick
Standard Arm & Long Pad
Estimated Price: $110.00
Standard Arm 3 1/2” long
Long Pad- 7 7/8” long
Standard Clamp fits surface up to 1 5/8" thick
Long Arm & Standard Pad
Estimated Price: $112.95
Long Arm 5 1/8” long
Standard Pad- 5 1/8” long
Standard Clamp fits surface up to 1 5/8" thick
Long Arm & Long Pad
Estimated Price: $114.00
Long Arm 5 1/8” long
Long Pad- 7 7/8” long
Standard Clamp fits surface up to 1 5/8" thick
Extended Height
Estimated Price: $124.00
Extended height pole adjusts up to 17 3/4” high above the work surface
Standard Ergorest
Mouse Pad Attachmentpad
Ergo Mouse Pad
Estimated Price: $37.50
Optional mounting points
Platform size: 9 1/4” long x 7 3/4” wide
Tall Clamp (Optional Feature)
Estimated Price:$11.95
Tall Clamp fits work surface up to 2 1/2" thick

Comments

AliMed also has other forearm support devices in their catalog.

ErgoPort

Shades Of Gray is the U.S. distributors for this 'Australian Made' product.

Contact: Paul Gray

(818) 883-8770

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R&D Ergonomics Inc.

6 Harvey Brook Dr., Freeport, ME 04032

(207) 865-6445, Fax: (207) 353-5308

This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

http://www.MorencyRest.com

Morency Rests

Estimated Price: $80.00

Our forearm supports, (Morency Rests) were initially developed to help get injured individuals back to work. They dramatically reduce the muscle activity in the neck and shoulders, increasing blood flow and dramatically reducing fatigue, discomfort, and pain.

Improved posture, neutral wrist positioning, and supported upper extremities dramatically improve comfort while reducing risk of injury. We manufacture products for varied applications and the size of the individual, making us unique in today's ergonomic market. R&D Ergonomics was established in 1991 and sells only quality products using materials from the United States.

Our Products:

  • Are uniquely designed for the user and the application
  • Provide maximum upper extremity support
  • Promote neutral arm and wrist position
  • Promote proper neck posture
  • Extend narrow work surfaces (with optional clamp)

Typical Uses:

  • Users with active CTD symptoms
  • Graphics or data entry positions
  • High duration users (over four (4) hours daily)
  • Injured employees returning to work

Vertebral-Soft System

SARL au capital de 50.000 FF R.C.S. MONTPELLIER 423 855 766

200 rue du Père PREVOST

34090 MONPELLIER

FRANCE

Tel + Fax : 04 67 72 83 60

Email : This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Vertebral-Soft System

Vertebral-Soft is a new, innovative concept created by a team of Medical Doctors, Chiropractors, Osteopaths and Ergonomists, designed specifically to alleviate potential and existing back problems, avoiding the problems of carpal tunnel syndrome and increasing comfort while working.

Vertebral-Soft has proven adaptable to 95% of most desks or work stations and works well with most all body types.

The principal reason for back problems in an office related environment stems from arm and shoulder weight being put on the spinal column. This typically occurs while working in front of a keyboard. This additional weight is supported by the spinal column which exerts undue tension on the vertebras.

The Vertebral-Soft system allows the arms and elbows to support the majority of this misplaced weight, thereby taking the pressure off of the spinal column and allowing the user to work in a more comfortable and healthier position. By positioning the wrist parallel to the arm it relieves over-extension which contributes to the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Vertebral- Soft has already been registered and trademarked in many countries including the US, Canada and throughout Europe and has won awards in several European trade expositions.

 
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